JACKIE CUTLER, HCDRFS PIO | | Thursday, November 29, 2012
COLUMBIA, MD ? The Howard County Department of Fire and Rescue Services (HCDFRS) is partnering with the Howard County Autism Society (HCAS) on a progressive training program that teaches personnel how to respond to emergencies involving individuals with autism. This comprehensive training will be included in the Department?s virtual academy and will be required for all firefighters and paramedics to complete.? The training will include facts about autism and the characteristics of autism, tips for helping people with autism in emergency situations, and effective examination methods. In addition to preparing first responders with adequate knowledge of autism, the training will address some of the difficulties that may be encountered in a rescue situation.
?As an organization, we are always striving to deliver the very best service to the entire community, including those with functional needs,? said Fire/EMS Chief William Goddard. ?This new innovative training will be a great benefit to our personnel. We are excited about this partnership.?
The software presentation will include a pre-course knowledge check with critical thinking questions about autism facts and emergency response challenges. After firefighters and paramedics complete the training, a post-course quiz will be given to reinforce content comprehension. Interviews with families will be interspersed throughout the presentation. There will also be an interactive forum for feedback and questions between HCDFRS, HCAS and a panel of local parents in the community, of which more than 700 reside in Howard County as a result of the supportive school system.
?Courses like this are critical to our development,? said Captain Tony Concha. ?As first responders we want to be able to recognize and anticipate the unique aspects of interacting with members of our community.? Joint training such as this, increases our awareness, and comfort level when providing care during emergency responses.?
This training expands the efforts of HCAS to work alongside all first responders in the county in an effort to ?help them help us.?? In the spring, HCAS launched a new program with the 911 Call Center by giving residents the option to voluntarily ?flag? their addresses in the system. For families who have enrolled, the 911 Call Center now has first-hand knowledge that an individual with autism resides at a given address and that he or she may be nonverbal, oversensitive to sirens, unaware of danger, prone to elope, or exhibit other noteworthy behaviors. This information will be forwarded to first responders prior to their arrival on the scene.
For more information on this program and others, visit www.howard-autism.org.
Germany's parliament on Thursday began discussing legislation that would allow the nation's news publishers to charge search engines for displaying links to, and snippets of, news articles. Before debate began Google launched a very public campaign against it. The proposed law would require search engines to seek permission from publishers to display links along with snippets or teasers from news articles.
A delegation of technicians from Argentina's state energy company Enarsa and Venezuelan state hydrocarbons company PDVSA are studying two blocks in th...
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This news article is one of hundreds published daily by Business News Americas about the commodities, markets, movements, companies, projects, economics and politics integral to the development of Latin America. Including news and insight from South America, Central America and the Caribbean, BNamericas includes oil & gas insight and forecasts for business opportunities in Argentina. The business development service focuses on major projects, active companies, such as Petr?leos de Venezuela S.A. and Energ?a Argentina S.A.; and business and sales contacts, providing networking opportunities with leading executives throughout Latin America.
As part of their ongoing research on the role of genes in the development of type 1 diabetes, Joslin Diabetes Center scientists, in collaboration with scientists at the University of W?rzburg, have demonstrated how a genetic variant associated with type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases influences susceptibility to autoimmunity. The findings appear in the upcoming issue of Diabetes.
Recent studies of the human genome have identified genetic regions associated with autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Joslin scientists in the Section of Immunobiology seek to understand how genes that are most widely associated with various autoimmune diseases contribute to disease risk.
One of these genes is PTPN22, which plays a role in lymphocyte (immune cell) function. A PTPN22 variant (or mutation) has been implicated as a risk factor for type 1 diabetes and several other autoimmune disorders. PTPN22 is involved in the formation of a key protein known as lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), which helps control the activity of T and B cells in the immune system. The PTPN22 mutation generates a variation of LYP with a different molecular structure.
Most studies of the PTPN22 disease variant have suggested that this variant is a gain-of-function genetic mutation that enhances LYP activity and lessens the activity of T and B cells, which increases susceptibility to autoimmunity. "When immune cells are less reactive during the maturation phase of their development, the cells can evade mechanisms that help protect against autoimmunity," says study lead author Stephan Kissler, PhD, of the Section of Immunobiology. However, one study which analyzed data from humans and genetically modified mice suggested that the LYP variant associated with type 1 diabetes is a loss-of-function mutation that reduces LYP activity.
To help resolve the conflicting data, Joslin scientists conducted studies with a unique mouse model developed by Dr. Kissler's graduate student and co-author, Peilin Zheng. Using a technology that combines RNA interference, a method to silence gene expresson, with lentiviral transgenesis, a method to genetically modify animals, the scientists can manipulate gene activity in the most widely used mouse model for type 1 diabetes, the nonobese diabetic mouse (NOD). In this study, the researchers were able to easily turn off and on the PTPN22 gene in the NOD mouse. "We are the first to use this approach in the NOD mouse model," says Dr. Kissler. "It provides a very powerful way to study the contribution of PTPN22 to disease."
When PTPN22 was turned off in mice, mimicking a loss-of-function mutation, the researchers observed an increase in regulatory T cells and a decreased risk of autoimmune diabetes. "This is the first study conducted on the diabetic mouse model that supports the LYP gain-of-function hypothesis," says Dr. Kissler. "Our work should help to resolve the controversy."
By providing additional data that suggests the potential therapeutic value of PTPN22 manipulation, the study may further the development of new therapeutic options that inhibit LYP to reduce or prevent autoimmunity. "Our goal is to treat autoimmunity. Inhibiting LYP in patients may increase regulatory immune cells and could confer protection against autoimmunity, but it remains to be tested if our promising findings in this mouse model are reflected in humans," says Dr. Kissler.
The Joslin scientists are following up on this study to deepen understanding of how inhibiting PTPN22 affects T and B cells.
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Joslin Diabetes Center: http://www.joslin.org
Thanks to Joslin Diabetes Center for this article.
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FILE - In a Dec. 10, 2011 file photo, Dan Auerbach, lead singer of The Black Keys, performs at Spike TV's Video Game Awards in Culver City, Calif. The band's attorney informed a federal judge on Monday, Nov. 26, 2012, that it had settled a lawsuit with Pizza Hut over the alleged misuse of its music in a commercial. The Black Keys reached a settlement with The Home Depot over similar allegations earlier this month, court records show. (AP Photo/Chris Pizzello, File)
FILE - In a Dec. 10, 2011 file photo, Dan Auerbach, lead singer of The Black Keys, performs at Spike TV's Video Game Awards in Culver City, Calif. The band's attorney informed a federal judge on Monday, Nov. 26, 2012, that it had settled a lawsuit with Pizza Hut over the alleged misuse of its music in a commercial. The Black Keys reached a settlement with The Home Depot over similar allegations earlier this month, court records show. (AP Photo/Chris Pizzello, File)
LOS ANGELES (AP) ? The Black Keys told a federal judge the band has settled copyright infringement lawsuits against Pizza Hut and The Home Depot claiming misuse of their music in commercials.
The band alleged the song "Lonely Boy" was improperly used to sell power tools, and "Gold on the Ceiling" to sell pizza.
The Grammy-winning band sued in June and both companies denied copying the songs.
Attorneys for the band informed a federal judge in Los Angeles of the Pizza Hut settlement on Monday. The settlement agreement with The Home Depot was reached earlier this month.
No details of the settlements were included in court filings. Stephen Holmes, a spokesman for The Home Depot, didn't have an immediate comment. Representatives for Pizza Hut and the band did not immediately return message seeking comment.
Attorneys expect to file formal dismissals by early January, the court filings state.
Both songs appeared on the rock group's seventh album, "El Camino," which was released last year and has sold nearly 840,000 copies.
The Black Keys are comprised of Dan Auerbach and Patrick Carney. Musician-producer Brian Burton, who is known as Danger Mouse, also sued the companies.
"Lonely Boy" and "Gold on the Ceiling" both topped the Billboard alternative music chart after being released.
The Black Keys won two Grammy Awards in 2010 for music from their album "Brothers," which won the Best Alternative Music Album award that year.
(By Balaseshan) Harris Corp. (NYSE: HRS), a communications and information technology (IT) company, said it has received an order worth $11 million from the Ministry of Defence of a NATO country for the Falcon III Secure Personal Radio (SPR).
The order is tied to a new framework contract, similar to an IDIQ, with the potential to reach $20 million over the next year.
The armed forces of the NATO country are acquiring the Harris RF-7800S SPR, advanced headsets and other accessories to provide high-performance voice, integrated hearing protection, wideband data and situational awareness capabilities at the team, squad and platoon levels.
Harris said the soldiers will be able to maintain voice communication in rapidly changing environments and situations, while seamlessly sharing data services and tracking the position of each team member.
The SPR, a core component of the Harris FalconFighter Soldier System, is a lightweight, secure soldier radio platform that offers full-duplex voice, multiple talk-group capabilities and data rates up to 256 Kbps.
The SPR allows simultaneous communication for voice, data and even video with unlimited listeners over a range of more than two kilometers, ensuring reliable connectivity between team members and with command-level intelligence.
The SPR provides continuous coverage in the 350 to 450 MHz frequency range, as well as high-speed USB connectivity to other C4 devices and provides real-time situational awareness with integrated GPS.
Harris RF Communications is a global supplier of secure radio communications and embedded high-grade encryption solutions for military, government and commercial organizations. The company's Falcon family of software-defined tactical radio systems encompasses manpack, handheld and vehicular applications.
HRS is trading down 0.21% at $46.55 on Wednesday. The stock has been trading between $33.75 and $52.23 for the past 52 weeks.
KAMPALA (Reuters) - The leader of the Democratic Republic of Congo's M23 rebel group Colonel Sultani Makenga is travelling to the Ugandan capital Kampala for talks at the invitation of the head of the Ugandan military, a rebel spokesman said on Monday.
Congolese President Joseph Kabila met M23 for the first time at the weekend after a summit in Uganda where regional leaders gave the rebels two days to leave the eastern Congo city of Goma, which the rebels seized last week after U.N.-backed government troops melted away.
Congo said it would not negotiate with the rebels until they pulled out of Goma, but the rebels said the government was in no position to set conditions on peace talks.
"Makenga's on his way to Kampala, he has been invited by the military chief of Uganda," rebel spokesman Amani Kabasha told Reuters by phone from an undisclosed location.
The Ugandan military said it could not immediately confirm Makenga's visit but that it was probable since Uganda's chief of defence forces, Aronda Nyakayirima, was apparently coordinating M23's withdrawal.
"I am not aware of his arrival but I wouldn't be surprised if he were here because meetings have been going on and since Aronda has been tasked to coordinate the withdrawal (from Goma) he would need to talk to him (Makenga)," military spokesman Felix Kulayigye said.
A diplomat said the African Union was due to hold a Peace and Security Council meeting later on Monday to discuss the crisis.
The most recent paper in my continuing project on the law and economics of superstition: ?Human Sacrifice.? Abstract: This paper develops a theory of rational human sacrifice: the purchase and ritual slaughter of innocent persons to appease divinities. I argue that human sacrifice is a technology for protecting property rights. It improves property protection by destroying part of sacrificing communities' wealth, which depresses the expected payoff of plundering them. Human sacrifice is a highly effective vehicle for destroying wealth to protect property rights because it's an excellent public meter of wealth destruction. Human sacrifice is spectacular, publicly communicating a sacrificer's destruction far and wide. And immolating a live person is nearly impossible to fake, verifying the amount of wealth a sacrificer has destroyed. To incentivize community members to contribute wealth for destruction, human sacrifice is presented as a religious obligation. To test my theory I investigate human sacrifice as practiced by the most significant and well-known society of ritual immolators in the modern era: the Konds of Orissa, India. Evidence from the Konds supports my theory's predictions. Enjoy. ?
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Lawrence Guyot, a civil rights leader who survived jailhouse beatings in the Deep South in the 1960s and went on to encourage generations to get involved, has died. He was 73.
Guyot had a history of heart problems and suffered from diabetes, and died at home in Mount Rainier, Md., his daughter Julie Guyot-Diangone said late Saturday. She said he died sometime Thursday night; other media reported he passed away Friday.
A Mississippi native, Guyot (pronounced GHEE-ott) worked for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and served as director of the 1964 Freedom Summer Project, which brought thousands of young people to the state to register blacks to vote despite a history of violence and intimidation by authorities. He also chaired the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, which sought to have blacks included among the state's delegates to the 1964 Democratic National Convention. The bid was rejected, but another civil rights activist, Fannie Lou Hamer, addressed the convention during a nationally televised appearance.
Guyot was severely beaten several times, including at the notorious Mississippi State Penitentiary known as Parchman Farm. He continued to speak on voting rights until his death, including encouraging people to cast ballots for President Barack Obama.
"He was a civil rights field worker right up to the end," Guyot-Diangone said.
Guyot participated in the 40th anniversary of the Freedom Summer Project to make sure a new generation could learn about the civil rights movement.
"There is nothing like having risked your life with people over something immensely important to you," he told The Clarion-Ledger in 2004. "As Churchill said, there's nothing more exhilarating than to have been shot at ? and missed."
His daughter said she recently saw him on a bus encouraging people to register to vote and asking about their political views. She said he was an early backer of gay marriage, noting that when he married a white woman, interracial marriage was illegal in some states. He met his wife Monica while they both worked for racial equality.
"He followed justice," his daughter said. "He followed what was consistent with his values, not what was fashionable. He just pushed people along with him."
Susan Glisson, executive director of the William Winter Institute for Racial Reconciliation at the University of Mississippi, called Guyot "a towering figure, a real warrior for freedom and justice."
"He loved to mentor young people. That's how I met him," she said.
When she attended Ole Miss, students reached out to civil rights activists and Guyot responded.
"He was very opinionated," she said. "But always ? he always backed up his opinions with detailed facts. He always pushed you to think more deeply and to be more strategic. It could be long days of debate about the way forward. But once the path was set, there was nobody more committed to the path."
Glisson said Guyot's efforts helped lay the groundwork for the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
"Mississippi has more black elected officials than any other state in the country, and that's a direct tribute to his work," she said.
Guyot was born in Pass Christian, Miss., on July 17, 1939. He became active in civil rights while attending Tougaloo College in Mississippi, and graduated in 1963. Guyot received a law degree in 1971 from Rutgers University, and then moved to Washington, where he worked to elect fellow Mississippian and civil rights activist Marion Barry as mayor in 1978.
"When he came to Washington, he continued his revolutionary zeal," Barry told The Washington Post on Friday. "He was always busy working for the people."
Guyot worked for the District of Columbia government in various capacities and as a neighborhood advisory commissioner.
D.C. Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton told The Post in 2007 that she first met Guyot within days of his beating at a jail in Winona, Miss. "Because of Larry Guyot, I understood what it meant to live with terror and to walk straight into it," she told the newspaper. On Friday, she called Guyot "an unsung hero" of the civil rights movement.
"Very few Mississippians were willing to risk their lives at that time," she said. "But Guyot did."
In recent months, his daughter said he was concerned about what he said were Republican efforts to limit access to the polls. As his health was failing, he voted early because he wanted to make sure his vote was counted, he told the AFRO newspaper.
Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr. of Illinois resigned this week, and the Chicago press is already abuzz about who will fill the seat. One Democrat has said the seat could flip parties, though that seems unlikely.
By Mark Guarino,?Staff writer / November 24, 2012
Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr. (D) of Illinois and his wife, Chicago Alderman Sandi Jackson, ask each other for their support and votes as they arrive at a polling station for early voting in Chicago in March. Congressman Jackson resigned Wednesday.
M. Spencer Green/AP/File
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The congressional seat vacated by Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr. this week is attracting no small amount of interest.?
Click Here for your FREE 30 DAYS of The Christian Science Monitor Weekly Digital Edition
Since Jackson announced on Wednesday that he was leaving office after 17 years for mental-health reasons, the local media have cited a number of sources saying they want to represent Illinois' Second District. They include his wife, Chicago Alderman Sandi Jackson; his brother, John Jackson; and former US Rep. Debbie Halvorson, who lost to Congressman Jackson in the March Democratic primary.
Other names include Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle, Illinois State Sen. Toi Hutchinson, and Sam Adams, an Illinois attorney who led former Gov. Rod Blagojevich?s defense team.
Some Democrats see a danger in so many would-be members of congressman. ?My fear is that there is going to be so many wannabes blinded by ambition ... that we could find a tea party" candidate winning, said Rep. Bobby Rush, who represents Illinois' First District, hours after Jackson?s resignation.
With President Obama taking 82 percent of the vote in the Nov. 6 election, that would seem a remote prospect. Whoever advances from the Democratic primary would seem to be the overwhelming favorite.
Still, independent candidate Marcus Lewis has already announced his candidacy. He lost to Jackson in November, taking only about 14 percent of the vote. He made his intentions known late Wednesday, telling supporters he planned to run ?to stop the trickery? associated with the seat ?for decades.?
In his resignation letter sent to House Speaker John Boehner Wednesday, Jackson noted that he was also preparing for a federal indictment that media reports say should be announced against him in the near future. The House Ethics Committee is investigating whether Jackson tried to bribe imprisoned Governor Blagojevich for an appointment to Mr. Obama?s former Senate seat, or at least tried to engage in the process through an emissary. Jackson denies the charges.
LONDON (Reuters) - The shells of some marine snails in the seas around Antarctica are dissolving as the water becomes more acidic, threatening the food chain, a study published in the journal Nature Geoscience said on Sunday.
Oceans soak up about a quarter of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year and as CO2 levels in the atmosphere increase from burning fossil fuels, so do ocean levels, making seas more acidic.
Ocean acidification is one of the effects of climate change and threatens coral reefs, marine ecosystems and wildlife.
The shell of the pteropod sea snail in the Southern Ocean was severely dissolved by more acidic surface water, the researchers from the British Antarctic Survey, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and other institutions found.
And although the snails did not necessarily die, it increased their vulnerability to predators and infection which could affect other parts of the food chain.
"The corrosive properties of the water caused shells of live animals to be severely dissolved and this demonstrates how vulnerable pteropods are," said lead author Nina Bednar?ek, from the NOAA.
"Ocean acidification, resulting from the addition of human-induced carbon dioxide, contributed to this dissolution."
The sea snails are an important source of food for fish and birds as well as an indicator of marine ecosystem health.
But until now, there has been little evidence of the impact of ocean acidification on such live organisms in their natural environment and the study supports predictions that acidification could have a significant effect on marine ecosystems.
The researchers examined surface water, where wind causes cold water to be pushed up from deeper water, because it is usually more corrosive to a particular type of calcium carbonate which the sea snails use to build and maintain their shells.
"We know that the seawater becomes more corrosive ... below a certain depth which occurs at around 1,000m. However, at one of our sampling sites, we discovered that this point was reached at 200m depth. Marine snails - pteropods - live in this top layer of the ocean," Bednar?ek said.
Climate models forecast more intense winds in the Southern Ocean this century if CO2 continues to increase, which will make the mixing of deep water with more acidic surface waters more frequent, the study said.
This will make calcium carbonate reach the upper surface layers of the Southern Ocean by 2050 in winter and by 2100 all year round, said the study's co-author Dorothee Bakker, research officer at the University of East Anglia.
Since the start of the industrial revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by 30 percent, according to NOAA research.
If CO2 levels continue to rise in the future, surface waters could be almost 150 percent more acidic by the end of this century, which has not been experienced for more than 20 million years.
To the uninitiated, editing may look like a monotonous task that is both mentally as well as physically taxing.
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In fact, the film editor has the job identical to a cook.
The importance of editing dates back ages, chronicled in the book "The Technique Of Film And Video Editing" by Ken Dancyger. It upholds some of the finest examples of editing imparting the narrative of the film through silent shots, music and jump shots involving ordinary objects. Alfred Hitchcock's filmmaking (in films like 'Vertigo' and 'The Man Who Knew Too Much') is considered to have some of the finest editing work by the erstwhile standards, and can easily exemplify why editing is considered so integral to the success of a film or TV production.
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In the earlier ages, editing was physically done, with the help of mechanical equipment that sliced, spliced and appropriately put together 'linearly' edited reels. The digital revolution and technological advances like the Firewire have magically simplified the post-production process. With software applications like Adobe Premiere, Final Cut Pro and Windows Movie Maker, editing is not restricted to professionally trained editors and apprentices. The ease of use and interactive applications has made it possible for film students, amateurs and one-time users to edit their own film or video productions.
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The advent of computers has also allowed editors to enhance the creativity of their work. Unlike the mechanical equipment which was used on the original reel and did not warrant a liberal creative license or room for error to the editor, digital editing offers a huge scope for improvisation. The latter has opened up avenues for experimentation, much better treatment and quick editing procedures. Off late, films have been centered on editing and the whole post-production process, rather than the filming of the same. Recent examples can include 'The Lord of the Rings Trilogy' and 'Avatar', the latter incidentally being the highest revenue-grossing films of all time!
With technology advancing in the speed of light-years, editing in film and TV production has gained a pivotal role. And every filmmaking unit, irrespective of size, style, location or budget, has already acknowledged the same!
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You are here: Home / General / The Ultimate Bowling Guide
The good news is, there are a few simple "tweaks" any bowler can use to instantly tack on 20, 30, even 50 or more points a game. And it doesn?t take that much effort.
There are five "dirty little secrets" among professional bowlers? secrets that no amateur ever learns on their own? and the pro?s like it that way.
These five "dirty little secrets" are extremely simple to master (once they are revealed to you)? and yet they INSTANTLY allow you (no matter how butt ugly you think your game is right now) to "lock into" your own personal "Perfect Shot". Which means on your very next game, you will:
How can this be? How can you not transform your game? and suddenly ? and I do mean SUDDENLY ? start playing like the top pro?s at their peak?
You see? you ALREADY have the goods when it comes to bowling the best game you?re capable of? just not WHEN IT COUNTS.
You heard right. You?re "blowing your wad" on your PRACTICE THROWS, if you?re like 99% of the amateur bowlers in the world. And you?re leaving your best game behind. And going out on the lanes with the WORST game you have.
If you?re like most bowlers, you like to warm up with a few frames before you start a game, right? At the very least, you get to the lanes every once in a while to "practice". Everyone who takes their game seriously does this. I know I do.
But the pro?s do something DIFFERENT than you do. Unlike you (and every other amateur in the world)?
The Pro Knows How To "Capture" His Best Shot During The Warm-Up? And Bring It With Him To The Game!
Amateurs, on the other hand, LEAVE their best shot behind. Let me explain: There you are on your lane, warming up and testing the lane conditions, launching a fairly-decent hook, getting a strike here and there, maybe missing an occasional spare, setting up again and correcting your lift, launching another pretty damn good shot?
"Locked" That Breathtaking Shot Into His Body, Where He Could Bring It Back At Will, In The Game Where It Would Count The Most!
You, however, blow right past the few perfect shots you throw practicing, not storing them at all, and thus you can?t find them when it counts. Those great shots you launch on the practice lane are lost forever. Even more depressing? there?s a 90% chance the shots you do throw in the game will be among your WORST! Because, you?ve done EVERYTHING WRONG at the warm-up.
And what?s really frustrating is you don?t even know you?re doing it? because these five little secrets are NEVER discovered by amateurs! They?re the secrets that separate the guys who can make a living off the game, and everyone else who can?t buy a break.
And? just like most things that are so simple they get completely overlooked? no one has really understood how these secrets?
Read more?
Posted by Dan on Thursday, November 22, 2012 at 10:41 am? Filed under General ? Tagged with
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (Reuters) - Former U.S. boxing champ Hector "Macho" Camacho, who was shot in the face this week, died on Saturday after being removed from life support, Rio Piedras Medical Director Ernesto Torres told reporters. He was 50.
Camacho had been declared brain dead on Thursday after being struck in the face in a drive-by shooting earlier in the week.
Two gunmen opened fire on Camacho and a friend, Adrian Mojica Moreno, 49, on Tuesday as they sat in a car outside a liquor store in the San Juan suburb of Bayamon, Camacho's birthplace.
Police are investigating the shooting and no arrests have been made.
Mojica Moreno, the driver of the car, was killed and Camacho was shot in the jaw. The bullet fractured two vertebrae and lodged in his shoulder, damaging the arteries that carried blood to the brain, doctors said.
Police found nine small bags of cocaine in the driver's pockets and one open in the car.
Camacho, a left-handed fighter who grew up in New York's Spanish Harlem neighborhood, had a record of 79-6-3 with 38 knockouts. His three-decade career featured fights with a "who's who" of boxing and a flamboyant style that included entering the ring in an outfit based on the Puerto Rican flag.
Camacho's body was taken to the hospital's pathology section and brought to the Institute of Forensic Sciences as required by law, Torres told reporters.
El Nuevo Dia newspaper reported the family was planning a funeral in New York, where Camacho grew up, and possibly a public wake in Puerto Rico.
(Reporting by Reuters in San Juan, Editing by Barbara Goldberg and Sandra Maler)
Team solves birth and migration mysteries of cortex's powerful inhibitors, 'chandelier' cells
Friday, November 23, 2012
The cerebral cortex of the human brain has been called "the crowning achievement of evolution." Ironically, it is so complex that even our greatest minds and most sophisticated science are only now beginning to understand how it organizes itself in early development, and how its many cell types function together as circuits.
A major step toward this great goal in neuroscience has been taken by a team led by Professor Z. Josh Huang, Ph.D., at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL). Today they publish research for the first time revealing the birth timing and embryonic origin of a critical class of inhibitory brain cells called chandelier cells, and tracing the specific paths they take during early development into the cerebral cortex of the mouse brain.
These temporal and spatial sequences are regarded by Huang as genetically programmed aspects of brain development, accounting for aspects of the brain that are likely identical in every member of a given species including humans. Exceptions to these stereotypical patterns include irregularities caused by gene mutations or protein malfunctions, both of which are now being identified in people with developmental disorders and neuropsychiatric illnesses.
Chandelier cells were first noticed only 40 years ago, and in the intervening years frustratingly little has been learned about them, beyond the fact that they "hang" individually among great crowds of excitatory cells in the cortex called pyramidal neurons, and that their relatively short branches make contact with these excitatory cells. Indeed, a single chandelier cell connects, or "synapses," with as many as 500 pyramidal neurons. Noting this, the great biologist Francis Crick decades ago speculated that chandelier cells exerted some kind of "veto" power over the messages being exchanged by the much more numerous excitatory cells in their vicinity.
Born in a previously undiscovered 'country'
After three years of painstaking work that has involved using new technologies to identify and trace neural cell progenitors in ways not previously possible, and to track them as they migrate to positions in the maturing cortex, Huang and colleagues, including Dr. Hiroki Taniguchi now at the Max Planck Florida Institute, have demonstrated that chandelier cells are born in a previously unrecognized portion of the embryonic brain, which they have named the VGZ (ventral germinal zone).
Huang, who has been on a decade-long quest to develop means of learning much more about the cortex's inhibitory cells (sometimes called "interneurons"), points out that while they are far less numerous than the excitatory pyramidal cells all around them, cells including chandelier cells that inhibit or modulate excitatory-cell messages play an indispensable role in balancing message flow and ultimately in determining the functional organization of excitatory neurons into meaningful groups.
This is all the more intriguing in the case of chandelier cells, Huang explains, because of their distinctive anatomy: one cell that can regulate the messages of 500 others in its vicinity is one that we need to know about if we want to understand how brain circuits work. Unlike other inhibitory cells, chandelier cells are known to connect with excitatory cells at one particular anatomical location, of great significance: a place called the axon initial segment (AIS) ? the spot where a "broadcasting" pyramidal cell generates its transmittable message. To be able to interdict 500 "broadcasters" at this point renders a single chandelier cell a very important player in message propagation and coordination within its locality.
Because of the strategic importance of such cells throughout the cortex, it has been a source of frustration to neuroscientists that they (and other inhibitory cells) have been difficult to classify. Huang has pursued a strategy of following them from their places of birth in the emerging cortex.
Many inhibitory cells come from a large incubator area called the MGE (medial ganglionic eminence); until now, it was not known that most chandelier cells are not born there, and indeed do not emerge until after the MGE has disappeared. Only at this point does the much smaller VGZ form, providing a place where neural precursor cells specifically give rise to chandelier cells.
The team learned that manufacture of a protein encoded by a gene called Nkx2.1 is among the signals marking the birth of a chandelier cell. The gene's action, they found, is also necessary to make the cells. Nkx2.1is a transcription factor, whose expression has previously been linked to the birth of other inhibitory neuronal types. Huang's team observes that it is the timing of Nkx2.1's expression in certain precursors -- following disappearance of the MGE and appearance of the VGZ -- that enabled them to track the birth, specifically, of chandelier cells.
Highly specific migration route and cortical destinations
"In addition to being surprised to discover that chandelier cells are born 'late'?after other inhibitory cells ? in a part of the cortex we didn't know about," says Huang, "our second surprise is that once born, these cells take a very stereotyped route into the cortex and assume very specific positions, in three cortical layers." (Layers 2, 5 and 6). "This leads us to postulate that other specific cortical cell types also have specific migration routes in development."
As Huang points out, his team's new discoveries about chandelier cells have implications for disease research, since it is known that the number and connective density of chandelier cells is diminished in schizophrenia. Associations of the same type have recently been made in epilepsy.
"To know the identity of a cell type in the cortex is in effect to know the intrinsic program that distinguishes it from other cell types. In the broadest terms, we are learning about those aspects of the brain development that make us human. 'Nurture,' or experience, also has a very important role in brain development. Our work helps clarify the 'nature' part of the nature/nurture mystery that has always fascinated us," Huang says.
###
"The spatial and temporal origin of chandelier cells in mouse cortex" appears online ahead of print November 22, 2012 in Science Express.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: http://www.cshl.org
Thanks to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory for this article.
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GENEVA (Reuters) - Kris Kristofferson -- Oxford scholar, athlete, U.S. Army helicopter pilot, country music composer, one-time roustabout, film actor, singer, lover of women, three times a husband and father of eight -- seems ready to meet his maker. At least, that was the clear impression he left with an audience of middle-aged-and-upwards fans at a concert in Geneva this week, a message underscored by his 28th and latest album, "Feeling Mortal" and its coffin-dark cover. ...
Toshiba has revealed a security module for automotive microcontrollers meeting?industry anti-hacking, anti-tamper and software theft standards.
Developed at the company?s automotive development centre in D?sseldorf, the Toshiba Security Module will be built into future generations of the company?s ARM Cortex-based automotive microcontrollers.
?The module?s firmware is, as a first release step, compliant with the Secure Hardware Extension (SHE) version 1.1 specification of the Herstellerinitiative Software (HIS), a technical collaboration between five leading German car makers,? said Toshiba.
Implemented in hardware with its own ?sub-CPU?, said the firm, the module has a symmetric AES-128 cryptographic engine along with ?other security elements?.
?Our TSM will help the automotive industry prevent intellectual property theft or manipulation, which is a significant threat as an increasing proportion of innovations in new car models are now software based,? said Klaus Neuenhueskes of Toshiba Electronics Europe. ?The security afforded by our SHE-compliant TSM will protect car owners against abuses such as tampering with odometer settings, or sub-standard servicing by unqualified agents.?
Software libraries will be released to support TSM-equipped microcontrollers, and updates to the module will track upcoming standards, said the firm, the EVITA Medium requirements, for example.
GOMA, Congo (AP) ? The M23 rebels pressed ahead with their seizure of territory and towns in eastern Congo on Wednesday and said they intend to topple the government of President Joseph Kabila.
The rebels took control of the eastern Congo town of Sake in a bid to move toward the provincial capital of Bukavu.
"Kabila has to go. We want our country back," said M23 Col. Vianney Kazarama to cheers from thousands gathered at the stadium in Goma, which was seized by the rebels on Tuesday. "We are now going to Kinshasa. No one will divide this country."
Nearly 3,000 Congolese army soldiers and police defected to the rebels in Goma on Wednesday and turned in their weapons at the stadium rally.
Even as the rebels consolidated their gains, the presidents of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda called on them to give up the territory they now control.
The M23 is made up of hundreds of officers who deserted the Congo army in April this year. Neighboring Rwanda has supplied trained soldiers and weapons, according to a report by United Nations experts to be published Friday.
The speed with which the M23 has seized Goma and the surrounding countryside, rich in minerals, exposes the weakness of President Joseph Kabila's government, 1,500 kilometers (978 miles) to the west in Kinshasa, say experts.
"It's a setback for Kabila. He wasn't even capable of reforming the army and the fall of Goma demonstrated that," said Felix Bafilemba. "It marks the beginning of the end for Kabila's regime."
Strewn with bodies, burned out vehicles and abandoned tanks, the road between Goma and Sake showed evidence of Tuesday's fighting.
M23 soldiers in vehicles patrolled the streets of Sake, 27 kilometers (17 miles) south of Goma. As in Goma, most residents accepted the rebels' presence.
"We only want peace," said Innocent Rumabo in Sake.
Other resident complained of rapes carried out Tuesday night.
"I know two women who were raped, there are more in the area," said one Goma resident who insisted on anonymity for fear of retaliation.
In neighboring Uganda, the presidents of Uganda, Rwanda and Congo resolved to put pressure on the M23 rebels to give up territory they have captured, according to a statement released at the end of the emergency talks.
"Even if there are legitimate grievances by the mutineering group known as M23, they cannot accept the expansion of this war or entertain the idea of overthrowing the legitimate government of (Congo) or undermining its authority," said presidents Joseph Kabila of Congo, Paul Kagame of Rwanda and Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, in a statement issued late Wednesday.
"Therefore the M23 must immediately stop this offensive and pull out of Goma," said the presidents' statement issued in Kampala. This resolution was to be immediately communicated to the M23 leadership, the statement said.
Kabila said he was willing to negotiate directly with the M23 rebels, a reversal from his previous refusal to talk with the rebels.
For his part, Kagame reiterated Rwanda's denial that it is supporting the rebels, saying each government "must bear the burden" of its own internal problems, according to a diplomat close to the talks, who insisted on anonymity because he was not authorized to speak about the emergency summit.
Uganda, which was also implicated in the Congo violence by report of U.N. experts, denies supporting the rebels.
While the three presidents called on the M23 to give up the territory that they have seized, the rebels continued Wednesday on toward their next target: Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu province on Lake Kivu.
The Congo soldiers remaining in the government army near Goma said they are not sure what to do.
"We are waiting for orders now. We don't know what we are supposed to do. It's hard. My comrades who defected in Goma, we're going to fight them," said a Congolese army major reached by phone in Kanyabayonga, northwest of Goma, where some of the troops have regrouped. The major required anonymity because of the uncertain situation.
The United Nations accuses the M23 of grave crimes including recruiting child soldiers, summary executions and rape, according to an experts report released Wednesday.
The United Nations peacekeepers, known by their acronym MONUSCO, did not help the Congo government forces during Tuesday's battle because they do not have a mandate to engage the rebels, said Congolese military spokesman Olivier Hamuli, who expressed frustration over the lack of action by the peacekeepers.
A U.N. spokesman in New York said that the nearly 1,500 U.N. peacekeepers in Goma held their fire to avoid triggering a battle. The peacekeepers "cannot substitute for the efforts of national forces" in Congo, said spokesman Eduardo del Buey.
On Wednesday the Security Council was expected to review the mandate of the U.N. peacekeeping force in Congo. A resolution adopted Tuesday by the Security Council asks the U.N. secretary-general to recommend possible redeployment, and possible "additional force multipliers."
The resolution approved unanimously by the council imposes targeted sanctions, including a travel ban and assets freeze on the M23 rebel group leadership. But it did not name two countries accused by Congo of supporting the rebels: Rwanda and Uganda.
The council demanded that the M23 rebels withdraw from Goma, disarm and disband, and insisted on the restoration of the crumbing Congolese government authority in the country's turbulent east.
The resolution also calls for an immediate end to external support to the rebels and asks the U.N. secretary-general to report on the allegations of foreign support while expressing its readiness to take appropriate measures.
Rwanda, and to a smaller extent by Uganda, are accused among other things of equipping the rebels with sophisticated arms, including night vision goggles and 120 mm mortars.
___
Associated Press reporter Rodney Muhumuza in Kampala, Uganda contributed to this report.
If your Thanksgiving celebrations include paying a visit to the movie theater with a diverse range of relatives - lots of nieces, nephews and young cousins and such - the new release with the most family-friendly appeal is "Rise of the Guardians," an animated Dreamworks adventure that revolves around familiar fictitious heroes - even if [...]
Study reveals the proteins expressed by human cytomegalovirusPublic release date: 22-Nov-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Natasha Pinol npinol@aaas.org 202-326-6440 American Association for the Advancement of Science
Ribosome-mapping technique may provide insights into other viral proteomes as well
This release is available in Arabic.
New findings reveal the surprisingly complex protein-coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus, or HCMV, and provide the first steps toward understanding how the virus manipulates human cells during infection. The genome of the HCMV was first sequenced over 20 years ago, but researchers have now investigated the proteomethe complete set of expressed proteinsof this common pathogen as well.
HCMV is an incredibly successful virus, and it infects most humans on the planet. Birth defects and disease, however, are only known to occur in newborn infants and adults with compromised immune systems, respectively. But, the pathogen also has one of the largest viral genomes on record, with a massive 240,000 base pairs of DNA. (For comparison, the genome of the poliovirus only contains about 7,500 base pairs.)
Noam Stern-Ginossar from the University of California in San Francisco, along with colleagues from the United States and Germany, used a combination of techniques, including ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry, to study HCMV's proteome. The method could be used to investigate proteins produced by other viruses as well, they say.
The researchers' findings appear in the 23 November issue of the journal Science, which is published by AAAS, the nonprofit science society.
"The genome of a virus is just a starting point," explained Jonathan Weissman from the University of California, a co-author of the Science report. "Understanding what proteins are encoded by that genome allows us to start thinking about what the virus does and how we can interfere with it Each of the proteins we've identified has the potential to tell us how this virus is manipulating its host cell."
Stern-Ginossar and the other researchers suspected that existing maps of HCMV's protein-coding potential, based largely on computational methods, were far from complete. So, they began mapping the positions of ribosomesthe cellular organelles in which proteins are synthesizedduring an HCMV infection of human fibroblast cells. With the resulting map, Stern-Ginossar and her colleagues discovered templates for hundreds of previously unidentified proteins that were encoded in corresponding DNA segments of the viral genome, known as open reading frames.
Surprisingly, the researchers found that many of these open reading frames encode for exceptionally short protein sequences (fewer than 100 amino acids). And some of the newly identified open reading frames were even hiding inside other open reading frames, they say.
"A key finding of our work is that each of these templates can encode more than one protein," said Annette Michalski from the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried, Germany, another co-author of the Science report. "And these extremely short proteins might be more common than we expect."
The researchers applied mass spectrometry to confirm the presence of many unknown viral proteins that had been predicted by mapping the ribosome positions.
In the future, this coupling of ribosome profiling with mass spectrometry might be used to investigate the proteomes of other complex viruses. Eventually, such information could be used to understand how different viruses hijack their hosts' cells for their own purposes.
###
The report by Stern-Ginossar et al. was supported by a human frontier science program postdoctoral fellowship, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Max-Plank Society.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world's largest general scientific society, and publisher of the journal, Science as well as Science Translational Medicine and Science Signaling. AAAS was founded in 1848, and includes some 261 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total readership of 1 million. The non-profit AAAS is open to all and fulfills its mission to "advance science and serve society" through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert!, www.eurekalert.org, the premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Study reveals the proteins expressed by human cytomegalovirusPublic release date: 22-Nov-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Natasha Pinol npinol@aaas.org 202-326-6440 American Association for the Advancement of Science
Ribosome-mapping technique may provide insights into other viral proteomes as well
This release is available in Arabic.
New findings reveal the surprisingly complex protein-coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus, or HCMV, and provide the first steps toward understanding how the virus manipulates human cells during infection. The genome of the HCMV was first sequenced over 20 years ago, but researchers have now investigated the proteomethe complete set of expressed proteinsof this common pathogen as well.
HCMV is an incredibly successful virus, and it infects most humans on the planet. Birth defects and disease, however, are only known to occur in newborn infants and adults with compromised immune systems, respectively. But, the pathogen also has one of the largest viral genomes on record, with a massive 240,000 base pairs of DNA. (For comparison, the genome of the poliovirus only contains about 7,500 base pairs.)
Noam Stern-Ginossar from the University of California in San Francisco, along with colleagues from the United States and Germany, used a combination of techniques, including ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry, to study HCMV's proteome. The method could be used to investigate proteins produced by other viruses as well, they say.
The researchers' findings appear in the 23 November issue of the journal Science, which is published by AAAS, the nonprofit science society.
"The genome of a virus is just a starting point," explained Jonathan Weissman from the University of California, a co-author of the Science report. "Understanding what proteins are encoded by that genome allows us to start thinking about what the virus does and how we can interfere with it Each of the proteins we've identified has the potential to tell us how this virus is manipulating its host cell."
Stern-Ginossar and the other researchers suspected that existing maps of HCMV's protein-coding potential, based largely on computational methods, were far from complete. So, they began mapping the positions of ribosomesthe cellular organelles in which proteins are synthesizedduring an HCMV infection of human fibroblast cells. With the resulting map, Stern-Ginossar and her colleagues discovered templates for hundreds of previously unidentified proteins that were encoded in corresponding DNA segments of the viral genome, known as open reading frames.
Surprisingly, the researchers found that many of these open reading frames encode for exceptionally short protein sequences (fewer than 100 amino acids). And some of the newly identified open reading frames were even hiding inside other open reading frames, they say.
"A key finding of our work is that each of these templates can encode more than one protein," said Annette Michalski from the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried, Germany, another co-author of the Science report. "And these extremely short proteins might be more common than we expect."
The researchers applied mass spectrometry to confirm the presence of many unknown viral proteins that had been predicted by mapping the ribosome positions.
In the future, this coupling of ribosome profiling with mass spectrometry might be used to investigate the proteomes of other complex viruses. Eventually, such information could be used to understand how different viruses hijack their hosts' cells for their own purposes.
###
The report by Stern-Ginossar et al. was supported by a human frontier science program postdoctoral fellowship, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Max-Plank Society.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world's largest general scientific society, and publisher of the journal, Science as well as Science Translational Medicine and Science Signaling. AAAS was founded in 1848, and includes some 261 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total readership of 1 million. The non-profit AAAS is open to all and fulfills its mission to "advance science and serve society" through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert!, www.eurekalert.org, the premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
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Public release date: 22-Nov-2012
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